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When I applied to a Public University in America I just had to fill out the application and have an interview (optional). When I applied for FAFSA yes they wanted my parents financial information (i.e. how much they earn in a year etc) so they could determine if I was in need. If you apply for financial aid through your school maybe they would need to see some stuff but I don't think bank statements fit in there

Federal financial aid is a "needs based program," so if you can't prove you're needy then there's little reason to be applying.

often would.