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I guess you failed on your essay.

Well comparing the Spartans to the Athenians is like comparing army Rangers to the national guard. Athenians were mostly part time soldiers while Spartans trained for conflict from the age of 7 to the age of 60 (if they lived that long). The Athenians responded by building walls around Athens and relying more on their navy and hit-and-run tactics, which were put to good effect at the Battle of Sphacteria where 400 Spartans surrendered.

They both called "Hoplites." Same equipment, Phalanx formation, everything.

Spartans are just more military based with harsh training.

google is your friend!