1955-64 – Vietnam. First military advisors sent to Vietnam on 12 Feb 1955. By 1964, US troop levels had grown to 21,000. On 7 August 1964, US Congress approved Gulf of Tonkin resolution affirming "All necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the United States. . .to prevent further aggression. . . (and) assist any member or protocol state of the Southeast Asian Collective Defense Treaty (SEATO) requesting assistance. . ."[Vietnam timeline]
1956 – Egypt. A marine battalion evacuated US nationals and other persons from Alexandria during the Suez crisis.[RL30172]
1958 – Lebanon. Lebanon crisis of 1958 Marines were landed in Lebanon at the invitation of President Camille Chamoun to help protect against threatened insurrection supported from the outside. The President's action was supported by a Congressional resolution passed in 1957 that authorized such actions in that area of the world.[RL30172]
[edit] 1960-1969
1959-60 – The Caribbean. Second Marine Ground Task Force was deployed to protect US nationals following the Cuban revolution.[RL30172]
1962 – Thailand. The Third Marine Expeditionary Unit landed on May 17, 1962 to support that country during the threat of Communist pressure from outside; by July 30, the 5,000 marines had been withdrawn.[RL30172]
1962 – Cuba. Cuban Missile Crisis On October 22, President Kennedy instituted a "quarantine" on the shipment of offensive missiles to Cuba from the Soviet Union. He also warned Soviet Union that the launching of any missile from Cuba against nations in the Western Hemisphere would bring about US nuclear retaliation on the Soviet Union. A negotiated settlement was achieved in a few days.[RL30172]
1962-75 – Laos. From October 1962 until 1975, the United States played an important role in military support of anti-Communist forces in Laos.[RL30172]
1964 – Congo (Zaire). The United States sent four transport planes to provide airlift for Congolese troops during a rebellion and to transport Belgian paratroopers to rescue foreigners.[RL30172]
1959-75 – Vietnam War. US military advisers had been in South Vietnam for a decade, and their numbers had been increased as the military position of the Saigon government became weaker. After citing what he termed were attacks on US destroyers in the Tonkin Gulf, President Johnson asked in August 1964 for a resolution expressing US determination to support freedom and protect peace in Southeast Asia. Congress responded with the Tonkin Gulf Resolution, expressing support for "all necessary measures" the President might take to repel armed attacks against US forces and prevent further aggression. Following this resolution, and following a Communist attack on a US installation in central Vietnam, the United States escalated its participation in the war to a peak of 543,000 military personnel by April 1969.[RL30172]
SEATO in 1965 is what ruled. This agreement was signed in 1954. Stopping Communism that had already taken over half of Europe 1945 - 1951 and attempted to take over S Korea 1950 - 1953 and the take of over Cuba ninety miles off our shore Jan 1959. Che Guevara`s failed attempts at exporting communism to Africa, Central America, and South America 1960 - 1966. All of the above lead America towards a mood of essential the need to stop communism. The domino Theory which was based on the Communist theory that once a country was taken all adjoining countries were open to the export of Communism. That was what Che was trying to do. This would be an obvious fall of all of South East Asia if nothing was done. Laos, S Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand and Malaysia. Kennedy, in 1961, had already introduced "his men", the Special Forces, and the report back was the Communists were far too advanced in entrenchment to have any meaningful effect alone. The two Gulf of Tonkin incidents, August 1964, gave Johnson the excuse to get congress to authorize entering Vietnam with full fledged ground forces without a state of war. In the Tonkin incident although there was a first attack ending in the sinking of N Vietnamese PT boats, claims of a second attack on the USS Maddox were later said to be exaggerated or unfounded. The ship after being attacked the night before was on high alert and tension was high. The USS Maddox was probably only shooting at shadows during the second attack. In 1965 troop strength was raised from the 16,000 advisors under the old rules of engagement to a new high of 60,000 combat forces under the new rules. It would continue to rise each year until there was a total of about 185,000. The aftermath: Although the Americans and their allies never lost a battle and killed 1 to 2 million Communist the war was lost politically through weakness to commit to victory over N Vietnam or cross the borders to go after the enemy. Plus the same problem as in Korea, China abutted N. Vietnam. The brave S Vietnamese fighting for their freedom lost nearly 5 times the men as did the Americans . Remember they did not get to go home after a year of fighting as we did they fought the whole time. However in the end a Democrat Congress cut off their money and they, unable to fight, were overwhelmed. Vietnamese Communists and Cambodian Communists went after each other and expended themselves in another costly war. Laos, S Vietnam, and Cambodia did fall under the Socialists but Thailand and Malaysia were saved. The blood bath that followed cost the lives of 4 to 5 million civilians at the hands of the Socialists. 2 million boat people attempted escape from Vietnam of which 1.2 million actually made it. The US military was demoralized and became almost a non force until President Reagan revitalized it. In the duration 11 countries around the world, some our allies, fell to dictators and Communists. I lived it. US Army retired
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1955-64 – Vietnam. First military advisors sent to Vietnam on 12 Feb 1955. By 1964, US troop levels had grown to 21,000. On 7 August 1964, US Congress approved Gulf of Tonkin resolution affirming "All necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the United States. . .to prevent further aggression. . . (and) assist any member or protocol state of the Southeast Asian Collective Defense Treaty (SEATO) requesting assistance. . ."[Vietnam timeline]
1956 – Egypt. A marine battalion evacuated US nationals and other persons from Alexandria during the Suez crisis.[RL30172]
1958 – Lebanon. Lebanon crisis of 1958 Marines were landed in Lebanon at the invitation of President Camille Chamoun to help protect against threatened insurrection supported from the outside. The President's action was supported by a Congressional resolution passed in 1957 that authorized such actions in that area of the world.[RL30172]
[edit] 1960-1969
1959-60 – The Caribbean. Second Marine Ground Task Force was deployed to protect US nationals following the Cuban revolution.[RL30172]
1962 – Thailand. The Third Marine Expeditionary Unit landed on May 17, 1962 to support that country during the threat of Communist pressure from outside; by July 30, the 5,000 marines had been withdrawn.[RL30172]
1962 – Cuba. Cuban Missile Crisis On October 22, President Kennedy instituted a "quarantine" on the shipment of offensive missiles to Cuba from the Soviet Union. He also warned Soviet Union that the launching of any missile from Cuba against nations in the Western Hemisphere would bring about US nuclear retaliation on the Soviet Union. A negotiated settlement was achieved in a few days.[RL30172]
1962-75 – Laos. From October 1962 until 1975, the United States played an important role in military support of anti-Communist forces in Laos.[RL30172]
1964 – Congo (Zaire). The United States sent four transport planes to provide airlift for Congolese troops during a rebellion and to transport Belgian paratroopers to rescue foreigners.[RL30172]
1959-75 – Vietnam War. US military advisers had been in South Vietnam for a decade, and their numbers had been increased as the military position of the Saigon government became weaker. After citing what he termed were attacks on US destroyers in the Tonkin Gulf, President Johnson asked in August 1964 for a resolution expressing US determination to support freedom and protect peace in Southeast Asia. Congress responded with the Tonkin Gulf Resolution, expressing support for "all necessary measures" the President might take to repel armed attacks against US forces and prevent further aggression. Following this resolution, and following a Communist attack on a US installation in central Vietnam, the United States escalated its participation in the war to a peak of 543,000 military personnel by April 1969.[RL30172]
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SEATO in 1965 is what ruled. This agreement was signed in 1954. Stopping Communism that had already taken over half of Europe 1945 - 1951 and attempted to take over S Korea 1950 - 1953 and the take of over Cuba ninety miles off our shore Jan 1959. Che Guevara`s failed attempts at exporting communism to Africa, Central America, and South America 1960 - 1966. All of the above lead America towards a mood of essential the need to stop communism. The domino Theory which was based on the Communist theory that once a country was taken all adjoining countries were open to the export of Communism. That was what Che was trying to do. This would be an obvious fall of all of South East Asia if nothing was done. Laos, S Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand and Malaysia. Kennedy, in 1961, had already introduced "his men", the Special Forces, and the report back was the Communists were far too advanced in entrenchment to have any meaningful effect alone. The two Gulf of Tonkin incidents, August 1964, gave Johnson the excuse to get congress to authorize entering Vietnam with full fledged ground forces without a state of war. In the Tonkin incident although there was a first attack ending in the sinking of N Vietnamese PT boats, claims of a second attack on the USS Maddox were later said to be exaggerated or unfounded. The ship after being attacked the night before was on high alert and tension was high. The USS Maddox was probably only shooting at shadows during the second attack. In 1965 troop strength was raised from the 16,000 advisors under the old rules of engagement to a new high of 60,000 combat forces under the new rules. It would continue to rise each year until there was a total of about 185,000. The aftermath: Although the Americans and their allies never lost a battle and killed 1 to 2 million Communist the war was lost politically through weakness to commit to victory over N Vietnam or cross the borders to go after the enemy. Plus the same problem as in Korea, China abutted N. Vietnam. The brave S Vietnamese fighting for their freedom lost nearly 5 times the men as did the Americans . Remember they did not get to go home after a year of fighting as we did they fought the whole time. However in the end a Democrat Congress cut off their money and they, unable to fight, were overwhelmed. Vietnamese Communists and Cambodian Communists went after each other and expended themselves in another costly war. Laos, S Vietnam, and Cambodia did fall under the Socialists but Thailand and Malaysia were saved. The blood bath that followed cost the lives of 4 to 5 million civilians at the hands of the Socialists. 2 million boat people attempted escape from Vietnam of which 1.2 million actually made it. The US military was demoralized and became almost a non force until President Reagan revitalized it. In the duration 11 countries around the world, some our allies, fell to dictators and Communists. I lived it. US Army retired
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