For 2 months, whenever I start it, I have to turn on the glow plugs twice first, or it won't catch with just one warm-up period of the glow plugs. It cranks, but it doesn't catch. So I turn the key partially, let that period end, then go back to the starting position and turn on the glow plugs again, and then I crank it and it catches right away. The glow plugs get heated twice in a row to make them hot enough, and the engine cranks over. It is colder now, and when it cranks over there is a little squeal noise, only the first time when it starts in the morning. Yesterday the glow plug light came on, but when I turned the key, the engine didn't crank over at all. No sound. I found a loose hose connection and put that back together in the vacuum lines and then it started. I drove it around and it started up with no problem 5 times in the afternoon. But this morning, the same problem. No sound, no cranking over. A neighbor said it was my starter and hit the starter with a screw driver, and it started up. I'm driving it, and it starts up fine when it's been warmed up. This is the opposite of starter symptoms. Bad starters don't start when engine is hot. My theory is the glow plugs are not heating up enough because this happens in the cold morning. What is the likely answer before I have a starter replaced unnecessarily? Is it really the starter? Where should I hit the starter if it won't start? Towards the front, the back or the middle, and how hard. Describe how to hit the starter with the long screwdriver and why that made it start. Thanks a lot.
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IT IS DEFINITELY THE STARTER. Cycling the glow plugs twice - as you've done - simply makes it easier for the failing starter to start the engine. But if it doesn't crank at all, THE STARTER IS BAD. PERIOD. You've been told this at least once already, in an answer to a nearly identical question of yours. I have no idea where you get the crazy idea that starters only act up when they're hot - that's simply untrue. In fact, the opposite is true - they are made of metal, which contracts when cold, which can bind them up.
Even if you could somehow replace or jury-rig *just* the solenoid, or occasionally get it going by banging on it, the entire starter is worn out and needs replacing. The part number you need is Bosch SR61X. It's not expensive, and has a 2-year roadside assistance included.
Of course, that doesn't necessarily rule out that the glow plugs are not working as well as they could be, but you obviously need a new starter in any case. Get one soon before you get stranded. You're welcome!