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Almond extract is made from bitter almonds and is different then the sweet almonds you can eat. You can omit the almonds out of the recipe completely. If you want to add the almond extract to the recipe for some added flavor I'm sure 1 tsp. would be enough, although it's hard to tell without the full recipe. I tweak recipes a lot to make them healthier or to my liking and usually get great results! Also try looking up similar recipes with the same servings/volume and use those to change the recipe around. Good Luck!

You can substitute any chopped nut like pecans or walnuts, it's a texture thing and pecans are excellent with blueberries. If you want to eliminate the nuts, it shouldn't alter the outcome of the muffin, but if you like the flavor of the almond use 1/2 tsp almond extract, it's pretty powerful stuff and generally the quantity used is half that of vanilla.

I would say 1 teaspoon to each 8 oz flour, essences are quite strong

I do not ever add nuts to my baking. But, I think about 1/2 tablespoon to 1 tablespoon should do the trick.